The handwritten and hand-drawn instructions on “How to make a camera lucida” are not very helpful. By looking at these instructions you feel disoriented and confused. They are hard to understand, especially for children, that are likely to be the main target group. There are several reasons for this. The first major point is that the instructions are not properly structured. There is no numbering which makes it easy to accidentally miss a step. The same applies to the pictures, where there is no chronological order. The drawings are arranged randomly on the page, which might cause confusion. Additionally, there is no list of components. The only way to find out which parts and measurements are needed is by looking at the drawings. These, in turn, can only be understood in connection with the text. Another important point concerns the macro and micro structure of the instructions. First of all, many separate points are written together in one paragraph, which again can confuse the reader. Furthermore, the text never mentions what the camera is used for. Another crucial point is that essential instructions are left out (for example how to glue the piece of plastic into the box). In addition, there are several articles missing in front of nouns and the “and”s in the text are replaced by ampersands. In conclusion can be said that the instructions can be misleading and complicated for people who are ungifted in handcrafting and/or who do not know what a camera lucida is.
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